Answer:
Ineffective rulers, corrupt officials, and a government without money, higher taxes and bad harvests.
Declare war, appoint military officers, sign treaties, make alliances, and appoint foreign ambassadors.
It transported livestock, crops, and diseases among Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas.
The Columbian Exchange was the exchange of items which began during the period of exploration in the 15th century.
The Columbian Exchange moved crops from the Old World to the New World and vice versa. Tomatoes, potatoes, corn, and pumpkin were all transferred to Europe becoming staple food crops for many countries. Europeans brought disease, domesticated animals, rice, onions, and sugarcane to the Americas. Africa was introduced to new foods and manufactured items in exchange for slaves to work plantations in the New World.
