Discriminative stimulus involves the ability to differentiate between one stimulus and similar stimulus and its is used both in classical conditioning and operant conditioning. It will strengthen a particular action and increase the chance that the action will take place when a particular stimulus is presented and not in case of similar stimulus. As per the question, Jimmy's mother's smile act as a discriminative stimulus.
there are many reasons behind it but some of them are:. due to weak financial status, poverty,lack of proper education and awareness,lack of support or guidance from family members, unemployment etc.
