It is called apportionment.
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7) During 1750-1900, people from around the world challenged established government structures, and this led to a great deal of political, economic, and social change. For many of the following Revolutions, Enlightenment ideas directly influenced their advent.
8) Japan- By the early 1900's, Japan had become one of the Great Powers and won a war against the Russian as well as the Chinese, and ultimately were able to take control of Taiwan, Korea and Manchuria.
9) Portugal was never very big. Spain's decline began in the 17th century, mainly caused by them losing a struggle with France under Louis XIV. Both were weakened by sticking to a very narrow version of Roman Catholicism, and not valuing education.
10) Settler colonial states include Canada, the United States, Australia, and South Africa, and settler colonial theory has been important to understanding conflicts in places like Israel, Kenya, and Argentina, and in tracing the colonial legacies of empires that engaged in the widespread foundation of settlement colonies.
11) The Cape Colony was the only settler colony of the early modern period in which the settlers not only permanently remained in the minority, but they even became increasingly outnumbered with the expansion of the colony. Europeans were only able to settle in the malaria-free uplands of southern and eastern Africa.
The colonists in New England specialized by using lumber for shipbuilding. The climate and land were not suitable for agriculture, but the forests provided large amounts of lumber. ... The New England colonies did not have very good farmland because of the rocky soil.
Think about that expression -- crossroads of culture. The early West was something of a plethora of human beings, with people of all breeds and flavors a) travelling, such as the Mormon (Latter-day Saint) pioneers, b) going for gold (Gold Rush), c) running a business, etc. Another factor to consider is that the pioneers (the Mormons) had their numbers bolstered by people from England, Ireland, Scotland, throughout the US and other places, in consequence of missionary efforts by the Latter-Day Saint Church, and in response to the call of their prophet to "gather to Zion." With that amalgamation of people it's not hard to see why, at least in the early settlements, it's called a "crossroads of culture," due to the hundreds of types of variety present. Of course, other immigrants and families moved to the west other than the Mormons. I don't mean to imply the Mormons were alone in their endeavor.
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They found silk and other resources in Asia during the crusades
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