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drek231 [11]
3 years ago
8

How are computers used in producing weather forecasts?

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Stells [14]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

The National Weather Service uses supercomputers around the clock to accurately produce forecasts, watches, warnings and a whole host of data for the public. ... These computers make use of virtually all observational data that the NWS collects. This data comes from satellites, weather balloons, buoys, radar, and more.

Explanation:

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Which of the following describe a required
ELEN [110]

Answer:

The last 2 point in the given question is the correct answer to the given question i.e

  • an argument passed to the function in the  correct positional order
  • an argument wherein the number of  arguments in the function call should match  the definition of the function.

Explanation:

The required  argument are those argument that are passing to the method the in the right location order.In the required argument the number of arguments in the call method must match the definition of the function .

For example

def fun( s ): #function definition  

   print(s) #display s

fun('er')#calling

In this example  there is  function fun() in which we pass the argument 'er'  we call that function from main() .The control moves to the function definition it checks the number of argument in the calling function fun() is matched with the definition of function fun()  and print 'er'.

All the other option are not describing the required  argument that's why this is incorrect option .

8 0
3 years ago
What is the ls option to list entries by lines instead of by columns?​
gogolik [260]

Sometimes I just meet some Unintelligen ppl

7 0
2 years ago
One of the earlier applications of crypto-graphic hash functions was the storage of passwords to authenticate usersin computer s
vagabundo [1.1K]

Answer: provided in the explanation part.

Explanation:

This is actually quite long but nevertheless i will make it as basic as possible.

Question (a)  

Attack A:

One way property of hash means that we can't find the input string if given the hash value. The calculation of hash from input string is possible but it is not possible to calculate the input string when given the hash. If the hash function is properly created to have one-way property then there is no way of finding the exact input string. So this attack won't work as the one-way property of hash function can't be broken if the hash function is properly created.

Attack B:

Suppose h() is the hash function. And h(x) = m where x is the string and m is the hash. Then trying to find another string y such that h(y) = m is called finding out the second pre-image of the hash.

Although we can't know the exact initial string for sure, we can by using brute force method find out a second preimage.

This attack will take a very long time. It has the time complexity of 2n. It requires the attacker to have an idea about the kind of passwords that might be used and then brute force all of them to find the string that has the same hash. Each try will have a chance of 1/2n to succeed.

Rainbow attack using rainbow table is often used for such brute-force attack. This comprises a rainbow table which contains passwords and their pre-hashed values.

Therefore, it is not possible to determine the second preimages of h so easily.

Attack C:

Collisions refer to finding out m and m' without knowing any of them. Finding out collisions is easier than finding preimages. This is because after finding out 2n pairs of input/output. The probability of two of them having the same output or hash becomes very high. The disadvantage is that we can't decide which user's hash to break. However, if I do not care about a particular user but want to get as many passwords as possible, then this method is the most feasible.

It has the time complexity of 2n/2.

Hence, this is the attack which has the most success rate in this scenario.

Question (b)

The brute force way of finding out the password usually involves using a rainbow attack. It comprises a rainbow table with millions of passwords and their hashes already computed. By matching that table against the database, the password can be recovered.

Therefore it is often preferred to salt the password. It means we add some random text to the password before calculating the hash.

The salts are usually long strings. Although users usually do not select long passwords, so a rainbow table with hashes of smaller passwords is feasible. But once salt is used, the rainbow table must accommodate for the salt also. This makes it difficult computationally. Although password might be found in the rainbow table. The salt can be anything and thus, make brute-force a LOT more difficult computationally.

Therefore salt is preferred to be added to passwords before computing their hash value.

Question (c)

A hash output length of 80 means there can be exactly 280 different hash values. This means there is at least one collision if 280+1 random strings are hashed because 280 values are used to accommodate all the possible strings. It is not hard with today's computation power to do match against more than this many strings. And doing so increases the probability of exposing a probable password of a user.

Hence, 80 is not a very secure value for the hash length.

cheers i hope this helps!!!!

6 0
3 years ago
What kind of negative social impact has wireless communications had on today's society?
Zarrin [17]
Kind of negative social impact has had today is debates on social networking and dating and wireless communications are destroying kids from ages 12-16 these 21st century devices are frying are worlds society.
5 0
3 years ago
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The picture above is a description of the C code below. Please modify the C below so that it uses FILE HANDLING (fopen, fputs, f
siniylev [52]

Answer: i just learned something new.

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
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