Answer:
British raj, period of direct British rule over the Indian subcontinent from 1858 until the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947. The raj succeeded management of the subcontinent by the British East India Company, after general distrust and dissatisfaction with company leadership resulted in a widespread mutiny of sepoy troops in 1857, causing the British to reconsider the structure of governance in India. The British government took possession of the company’s assets and imposed direct rule. The raj was intended to increase Indian participation in governance, but the powerlessness of Indians to determine their own future without the consent of the British led to an increasingly adamant national independence movement.
Though trade with India had been highly valued by Europeans since ancient times, the long route between them was subject to many potential obstacles and obfuscations from middlemen, making trade unsafe, unreliable, and expensive. This was especially true after the collapse of the Mongol empire and the rise of the Ottoman Empire all but blocked the ancient Silk Road. As Europeans, led by the Portuguese, began to explore maritime navigation routes to bypass middlemen, the distance of the venture required merchants to set up fortified posts.
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Jem<span> is very surprised and shocked when the jury says that Tom Robinson is guilty. He thought Atticus had surely won the trial for Tom and they were going to win.</span>
<span>Ben türkiy değilim...........................</span>
They were among the first to develop a system of uniform weights and measures. Their building bricks w<span> This was the first civilization to incorporate urban sanitation systems. Personal hygiene seems to have been a high priority. </span>ere very uniform making city planning easy. <span> Transportation and trade were major goals of these people. Their trade network ran from Mesopotamia to northern and central India. Their empire was economic, not military. </span>
Nicholas<span> issued the </span>October Manifesto<span>, that </span>promised<span> to guarante civil liberties.</span>
