The holy roman empire included most of modern Germany, since this was the extent to which the Empire reached as it was expanding in the years before it was reduced significantly.
1 . That institution would be <span>the Christian church
The middle ages is used to describe the period after the fall of Roman empire. Despite the destruction of the empire, the Christian Relgion still considered as something that provide life value for the people in western hemisphere, and the establishment managed to survive even until today.
2. The answer is </span><span>It helped worshippers learn Christian stories and feel closer to God.
A gothic cathedral usually build with an artform that depict the Life/stories of jesus Christ in the wall or the ceilings of the Church. This artform potrayed Jesus as an image of human and God in the same form and made the worshippers able to empathize with His Teaching.</span>
Brazil turned out to be very profitable for Portugal because of gold.
City-states came first , hope thats helps :)
I think the answer is b there you go
