The beneficial uses of bacterial toxins in medicine are more and more used lately. For example, Botulinum toxin is a toxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which has paralytic effects (injection of this toxin into muscle relax specific muscles). Botulinum toxin accomplishes his effects on the neuromuscular junction where he prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach). Utilization of this toxin is in the treatment of various muscle spasms. It is also used in the treatment of migraines. Diphtheria toxin is also one of the toxins used for medical purposes for the treatment of cutaneous and non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphomas. <span>Some bacterial toxins can be used in the treatment of tumours. For example, immunotoxin, which is protein made by fusion of modified antibody and toxin.The antibody binds to an antigen on the target cell, the toxin then enters via endocytosis and kills the cell. Commonly used bacterial toxins in immunotoxins are Diphtheria toxin and the Pseudomonas exotoxin.</span>
Answer:
The correct answer is b
Explanation:
A biogeochemical cycle corresponds to an exchange of different elements such as carbon, nitrogen, water, phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon and other elements, between living beings and the environment (either decomposition or production processes).
Answer:
a. surrounds individual muscles.
Explanation:
Individual muscle fibers have layers of connective tissue surrounding them. Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium are the three layers of connective tissue that extend from the fascia and protect the muscle fibers. Epimysium is the outer most layer of connective tissue of individual muscle fiber. It encircles the entire muscle. Epimysium consists of dense irregular connective tissue. It serves to separate the muscle fibers from the other types of tissues present in the area to facilitate their independent movement.
Answer:
The correct option is <em>B. 25 %</em>
Explanation:
A heterozygous type can be described as the type in which both the alleles of a gene are different. If both the alleles of a gene are similar in an organism, then the person is said to be homozygous for the trait.
In the above question, two heterozygous parents are to be cross- bred to check the probability of them producing homozygous alleles (AA).
A punnet square made will show the following results:
A O
A AA AO
B BA BO
Hence, there will be 25% chance that the offspring produced could be homozygous AA.
