Answer:
d) passage of a solute against its concentration gradient
Explanation:
When a solute is transported against its concentration gradient, the cells use metabolic energy. To move a substance from the region of its lower concentration to that of its higher concentration, the energy of ATP hydrolysis is utilized. These types of transport mechanisms are called active transports. If ATP hydrolysis is inhibited in a cell, it would not be able to perform the uphill movement of solutes due to the lack of any source of energy to drive the process.
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Fragmental sedimentary rocks include shale, sandstone, conglomerate, <span>salt, </span><span>breccia, </span><span>limestone, </span><span>chert, </span><span>dolomite, coal, </span><span><span>siltstone, and gypsum.
As you can see, Gneiss is not listed among examples of fragmental sedimentary rock. So your answer is B.
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<span>A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface</span><span>, whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath</span>