In this region we see that faulting has occurred. Because the rock strata are not lined up with one another across the entire region, it is clear that the land has faulted and the the two edge blocks have slipped downwards leaving the middle block uplifted or that the middle block has been pushed upwards.
These two types of faulting are called normal faulting and reverse faulting. They are the result of tension and compression stresses, respectively, that pull and compress the rocks creating fractures called faults. If the stress is sufficient, the outer blocks slide downward or the middle block is uplifted.
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5. Figure 10.25: Normal faults result from tensional forces and typically form rift valleys. The down-faulted block in a rift valley is called a graben while the uplifted block is referred to as a horst.
