Constantinople was able to survive due to its <em>strategic</em> location and <em>sofisticated</em> system of fortifications.
Constantinople was able to survive as the <em>central</em> hub of the European culture throughout the early 1000s due to its strategic location, the city was located in a strait between the Black and Mediterranean Seas, between Europe and Asia, which allowed the city to be prevented from many invaders, from Hunes to Arabs.
In addition, the city counted with a sophisticated system of fortifications which made impossible any attempt of siege until the appearance of first developments on modern artillery in the 15th Century, and the city was well communicated with the most important nations in Eastern and Western Europe by sea (i.e. Italy, Carolingian Empire, Kiev' Rus), of which the city may receive reinforcements in desperate situations.
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The answer is D, it helped unify the colonists to fight the war.
The United States of America is considered to have an ambivalent culture. USA is comprised of many states which might be considered to be multi-cultural because of their geographical location. I really hope this would be useful to you.
