Ancient China was ruled by dynasties
The Dynamo-powered torch (flashlight)
the jerry can
During the Age of Discovery (also known as the Age of Exploration), which took place from around the 15th Century until about the 18th Century, the following explorers took respective routes to observe the paired locations:
Christopher Columbus to the Americas
Corte Real to Newfoundland
Da Gama to India
Cabral to Brazil
Tasman to New Zealand
Magellan to Straits of Magellan
Janszoon to Australia
Balboa to the Pacific Ocean
James Cook to Hawaii and Antarctica
Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative forgone as a result of making a decision.
One thing that happened was that the Ottomans decided on slaughtering most of the current aristocracy that was in place before they came - which was logical for them as they didn't want the previous monarchs to interfere with their rule. On the other hand they treated farmers better and they had more rights than before. They could also marry between religions if they wanted to. They also had the same cultural rights as before.