Explanation:
Liquids cannot change volume but gases can because they have a fixed shape like solids.
Liquids have strong intermolecular forces binding their molecules together resulting is fixed ordering.
- Gases are randomized with their molecules haphazardly arranged.
- This allows them to expand spontaneously on their own.
- Molecules of liquids are more tightly packed compared to gases.
- In a liquid, the molecules have a less random pattern of motion and can only slide past one another.
- In a gas, the molecules are in continuous random, straight line motion.
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When an ionic compound dissolves, the ions are surrounded by water molecules, separate and move into the solutions. The ions exist in the same valence state as they did in the ionic compound.
The ions present due to the dissolution of nickel chloride will be Ni⁺² and Cl⁻.
The ions already present due to water will be H⁺ and OH⁻.
Answer:
In the case of mixtures of ethanol and water, this minimum occurs with 95.6% by mass of ethanol in the mixture. The boiling point of this mixture is 78.2°C, compared with the boiling point of pure ethanol at 78.5°C, and water at 100°C. You might think that this 0.3°C doesn't matter much, but it has huge implications for the separation of ethanol / water mixtures. The next diagram shows the boiling point / composition curve for ethanol / water mixtures. I've also included on the same diagram a vapor composition curve in exactly the same way as we looked at on the previous pages about phase diagrams for ideal mixtures.