Classical and operant conditioning are two basic concepts in behavioral psychology. They both describe the learning process, but from different angles. In order to understand how each of these methods of behavior modification can be used, it is also important to understand how they differ.
Classical conditioning:
- It was first described by Ivan Pavlovym, a Russian physiologist;
- It implies a neutral stimulus to the reflex;
- It is oriented to involuntary, automatic actions.
Operand conditioning:
- It was first described by B. F. Skinner, an American psychologist;
- It includes the use of reinforcements or punishments after demonstrating behavior;
- It is aimed at reinforcement of the controlled behavior.
One of the simplest ways to find the difference between the classical and the operant is to analyze the behavior and to understand whether it is conscious or subconscious. Classical teaching implies the creation of an association between stimulus and involuntary reaction, while the operand takes into account the connection between consciously controlled behavior and its consequences.
A voter or a candidate who does not identify with a political party is called an Independent
