Reasoning - as a cause that it can be used to think about logical way to solve a problem.
Problem Solving - Having different methods on how to solve problems, and having a very thoughtful and good idea on what to do.
Creativity - How to use resources, skills and methods to create tools, theories, laws, equations etc.
Skepticism - I'm not quite sure about this one, but I would put in on because it's helpful, because it can create investigative and creative questions which then could be experimented on and get a solution to.
The second image went through permineralization
I'm not a biologist, so I don't know the actual answer. But my best guess is that there is more in fruits and vegetables than just simple sugars or even complex carbohydrates. There are vitamins for example. Some of the vegetables have simple proteins which are much easier to break down that the complex ones found in meat.
These reactions must absorb the energy from their surroundings. Can be cold or heat.
I hope it was the answer you needed.