Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are the four major types of biomolecules that form all living things. These biomolecules consists of monomers linked together by covalent bonds to form polymers.
- Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids can be classified according to their basic elements, monomer constituents, and functions.
Basic elements:
- Nucleic acids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Phosphorous (P)
- Proteins: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Sulfur (Z)
- Carbohydrates: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O)
- Lipids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Phosphorous (P)
Monomer constituents:
- Nucleic acids: nucleotides
- Proteins: amino acids
- Carbohydrates: monosaccharides
- Lipids: fatty acids and glycerol
Functions:
- Nucleic acids: contains the hereditary information to synthesize proteins
- Proteins: regulate metabolic processes (enzymes), the main biomolecule of cellular structures
- Carbohydrates: store energy (short term); form cellular structures
- Lipids: store energy (long term); the main component of biological membranes
Examples:
- Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
- Proteins: lactase; collagen
- Carbohydrates: starch (polysaccharide); glucose (monosacharide)
- Lipids: phospholipids; cholesterol
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Answer:
The ecosystem would collapse if producers were removed.
Explanation:
The primary consumers populating would decrease due to lack of food and if a species doesn’t have food they most likely won’t reproduce. The secondary consumers won’t have enough food either because their prey being the primary consumers would die off. All this leads to the down fall of ecosystem.
Answer:
Topographically SN is classified into:
1. Central SN- made up of the brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral SN- made up of nerves (31 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 pairs of cranial nerves), nerve plexuses and nerve ganglia
Structural Dpdv
1. Somatic SN \ of relationship life
2. Vegetative SN a) sympathetic- acts in unusual conditions (eg stress, fear)
b) parasympathetic- acts in normal life conditions
Explanation:
Answer: The phagocyte’s ability to destroy the ingested pathogen is compromised and it will become inactive.
Explanation:
There are different hydrolytic enzymes. Lysozyme attacks cell walls of gram positive bacteria. Elastase is a protease. Collagenase attacks collagen, produced by some bacteria. Plasminogen activator is also a protease.
Loss of function of any one of these enzymes will reduce or prevent the breakdown of bacteria in the phagosome (vacuole) so that the phagocyte is inactivated.
Answer: A). Volcanic eruptions change the pH and temperature of the ocean.
Explanation:
Volcanic eruption from an oceanic floor likely to release gases, sediments which can be of high temperature. The sediements will increase the turbidity in the water and will change the pH and the high temperature may not be tolerated by plants and animals. This may be the result of extinction of many species of marine ecosystem.
