Explain how water makes its way to the leaves in the tops of the tallest trees against the force of gravity. Name what the climb
ing of water is called and the two other properties that are responsible for making this possible.
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Hemophilia is a recessive X-linked condition and is inherited from parents. . The probability that Natalie and Daniel’s first child has hemophilia is<u> 1/4</u>, not 1/8. The statement is<u> false.</u>
<h3>What is an X-linked gene?</h3>When talking about sex-linked genes, we refer to all those genes located in one of the sex-chromosomes and not in the somatic ones.
X-linked genes are the genes located specifically in the X sex chromosome.
Traits coded by these genes are inherited. This is, X-linked genes are transmitted from parents to children through generations.
According to this, X-linked genetic disorders will be inherited as well.
- Men have a high probability of being affected since they only have one copy of the X chromosome.
- In women, the effect of the mutation might be musk in heterozygous state if the mutation is recessive.
Hemophilia is a recessive X-linked disorder, which means it is coded by the recessive allele.
- X+ ⇒ X chrosomosome with Dominant allele
- X- ⇒ X chrosomosome with Recessive allele
<u>Genotype Phenotype</u>
X+X+ Healthy woman
X+X- Healthy carrier woman
X-X- Hemophilic woman
X+Y Healthy man
X-Y Hemophilic man
Let us make a pedigree of these families,
<u>Natalie's family</u>:
Mother healthy carrier X+X-
Father healthy X+Y
Brother hemophilic X-Y
Natalie Healthy X+X- or X+X+
Natalie has 1/2 chances of being carrier X+X- and 1/2 of being X+X+.
<u>Daniel's family</u>:
Mother healthy carrier X+X-
Father hemophilic X-Y
Sister hemophilic X-X-
Daniel Healthy X+Y
He has 1/2 chances of being healthy X+Y and 1/2 of being affected X-Y.
According to the product probability rule, if events A and B are independent from each other, the probability of occurrence of both events together is
P(A∩B) = P(A) x P(B)
In this case,
- event A is Daniel being affected ⇒ 1/2
- event B is Natalie being carrier ⇒ 1/2
P(A∩B) = P(A) x P(B) = 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4
The probability that Natalie and Daniel’s first child has hemophilia is 1/4, not 1/8. The statement is<u> false.</u>
You can learn more about X-linked genes at
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