1933: New Deal / cooperative federalism / marble cake federalism cause a change in the makeup of the power balance between local, state and national goverment in the following way
Explanation:
- The United States moved from dual federalism to cooperative federalism in the 1930s. National programs would increase the size of the national government and may not be the most effective in local environments. Cooperative federalism does not apply to the Judicial branch of the government.
- Each level of government is dominant within its own sphere. ... Marble cake federalism – Conceives of federalism as a marble cake in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs, rather than a layer cake, or dual federalism, with fixed divisions between layers or levels of government.
- As a theory, dual federalism holds that the federal and state governments both have power over individuals but that power is limited to separate and distinct spheres of authority, and each government is neither subordinate to nor liable to be deprived of its authority by the other.
- The first, dual federalism, holds that the federal government and the state governments are co-equals, each sovereign. In this theory, parts of the Constitution are interpreted very narrowly, such as the 10th Amendment, the Supremacy Clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause, and the Commerce Clause
- The advantages of this system are that it protects local areas and jurisdictions from the overreach of the federal government. The framers of the Constitution were afraid that the federal government would have too much power, and this system was a means of preventing that situation from developing.
- Historically, the definitive example of dual federalism is the United States. ... These states can check the federal government through judicial action. Europe, too, has a system of dual federalism, albeit set up with state traditions. The European Union (EU) is organized into a federalist government with limited powers.
Answer: They put villages by water sources, like rivers and lakes and oceans. These then grew into their cities.
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Explanation:
World War I destroyed kings, kaisers, czars and sultans; ... It is hard to imagine that nearly 300,000 men died or were wounded here ... and the muddy killing ground of Passchendaele, is the largest British Commonwealth cemetery in the world. Nearly 12,000 soldiers are buried here — some 8,400 of them
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Here, nine life-changing things the women’s movement accomplished, many of which were achieved by the same means citizens are using now (on both sides of the aisle) to stand up for what they believe is right. It won women the right to vote. It’s pretty crazy to think that women have only had the right to vote in America for 100 years.
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