A 'red' apple does not emit red light. Rather, it simply absorbs all the frequencies of visible light shining on it EXCEPT for a group of frequencies that is perceived as red, which are REFLECTED. An apple looks red to us because it REFLECTS infrared waves.
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Crocodiles are actually the closest living relatives to birds
A control group is important to a controlled experiment because it is used in an experiment to establish its validity.
Graphite is well known to be pencil lead - You might actually learn this in Chemistry/Physical Science like we did!
Charcoal & coal you cannot use - you could but it'd be difficult and irritating.
Fullerene is the third form of carbon. It can be used for electronics AND medicine. Amazing right??
It is the same as creating more pests or setting up dominant species which upset the ecological food pyramid leading to decimation of trophic levels or predators and energy cycling. Fishes feed on microscopic algae and animals the primary base of the food chain in water, if they are not checked they will choke the rivers and oceans causing toxic waters. Fish feed to contain them, in the process they grow and increase in numbers but their population is checked by bigger fishes and so on till it reaches a top predator which is usually a large animal.