It breaks down to two molecules of pyruvate, which in turn will then synthesize ATP
Answer:
A. Natural killer (NK) cells are activated in response to interferons or macrophage and Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and allows direct apoptosis of virus.
Viruses can invade NK cells by inhibiting MHC from reaching the cell surface. Using stimulating the inhibitory receptors and disrupting the activating receptors, viruses can avoid NK cells. MHC act as a ligand of inhibitory receptor, and when bind with inhibitory receptor allows damage to NK cells.
So, if i would be a virus i will use inhibitory receptors stimulation to avoid NK cells.
B. Bacteria are killed by phagocytic immune cell macrophages by engulfing them.
Bacteria avoid macrophages by escaping from phagosome before the lysosome fuses as lysosomal chemical kill the bacteria and some bacteria prevent acidification of the phagosome.
C. Parasites can avoid macrophages by modulating the host's cell cytoskeleton to block proper phagocytosis.
D. Bacteria can avoid dendritic cells by avoiding lysosomal degradation and prevent antigen presentation on MHC molecules that will modulate the entrance to DCs.
E. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies. Activation of B-cell depends on positive and negative signals transmitted through the B-cell receptor (BCR), so genetic polymorphisms and mutations affects the positive and negative signals. If mutation is done showing negative signal, B cell will not the activate and no antibodies will produce.
Well this is simple if just mutiply 10x4 and get 40x. hope this helped.
Because they make up the body and have various purposes
Answer:
If an organism has a total diploid number of 60 chromosomes, same number of chromosomes i. e. 60 are present in each daughter cell after mitosis while half number of chromosome i. e. 30 are present in each daughter cell after meiosis.
Explanation: Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a single cell is divided into two daughter cells having double number of chromosomes, while meiosis is a type of cell division in which a single cell is divided into four daughter cells having half number of chromosome.
