The correct answer is B. "New world" is how Europeans of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries referred to the continents of North and South America.
Europe is considered to be the Old World because it has had civilizations close to our understanding way back in ancient times. This was called new because it was unknown until then.
The Federal Election Commission is unique because it is a truly bipartisan group consisting of 3 Democrats and 3 Republicans. The correct option among all the options given in the question is option "c". No political party can have more than 3 members in the Federal Election Commission and at least 4 votes are required to change a law.
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They are modern philosophers. The time period we are talking about is when God stopped being the main problem of mankind. The mankind itself became the real deal. No more theocentrism, now we think about we, the humans that we are, the economic issues that troubles the poor members of society, the searching for the answers that God and the church didn't shared to us. These philosophers began to create methods of studying and criticize the knowledge, mainly in political matters.
The position described in the quote (governor) compares closest to the U.S. president. Governors are the chief executive officers of the fifty states and five commonwealths and territories. They are, in other words, the managers and leaders of the states, so they are comparable to the U.S. president, although on a smaller scale.