Answer:
plant growth rate will remain the same
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants generate carbohydrates (sugars) and oxygen from carbon dioxide, water, and light energy.
The balanced equation is as follows: 6CO2 + 6H20 + (solar energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Note that "all other factors affecting photosynthetic rates were equal, ONLY atmospheric CO2 concentration were the main factor affecting photo synthetic rates"; then time (400, 000years) and 30 degrees C in the daytime temperature of 30°c will mean nothing.
Plants' chlorophyll will only trap the solar energy required to combine 6 moles of CO2 to 6 moles of H2O. Hence,
1. The two factors that determine the species diversity found on an isolated ecosystem are the <span>size of that ecosystem (for example, taking the island, the size of the island) and the degree of isolation of that ecosystem (for example, still with the island, the distance of an island from a mainland). If the island is big there is space for more different species, more variety of producers and predators, whereas if it is small, there isn't much space to have such great diversity as there is always species that are better adapted to an environment and will occupy their place over others. The degree of isolation is important in terms of migration, for example - is an island is too far away from the mainland, the species migration will be more difficult and restrict to those that are able to travel long distances.
2. </span>MacArthur and Wilson are the authors of the theory. The theory application is to predict the richness of species in an isolated ecosystem based on the size and isolation of it. It is used the term "island" only as a way to describe a habitat that's ideal surrounded by another that's not, being thus isolated. The theory states also that the richness of species is a dynamic equilibrium resultant from immigration and extinction. The general conclusions are that bigger and less isolated "islands" have more species, as well as more species indicates higher extinction rates and lower immigration rates.
3. One of the conclusions of this theory is that bigger and less isolated "islands" have more species, smaller and more isolated "islands" have fewer species. For example, if the island is big there is space for more different species, whereas if it is small, there isn't much space to have such great diversity as there is always species that are better adapted to an environment and will occupy their place over others. Also if the island is more isolated from the mainland, species migration will be more difficult and it restricts the contact with those of the mainland.
4. Species diversity is established by species richness, the diversity in phylogeny within the existing species and the species evenness. Species richness is solely the number of different species that are present in an ecosystem, it doesn't matter the abundance of the species or their spatial distribution. Species evenness is how close in number the species are in a given ecosystem.
5. Native species (i.e. Kiwi in New Zealand) are those that occur naturally in a place, with no human intervention and are self-sustained. Non-native species (i.e. beavers in Tierra del Fuego) are those that are not historically native to the place they are found, were instead introduced in it. Indicator species (i.e. mosses indicate acidic soil) are those that indicate a characteristic of the environment they are in. Keystone species (i.e ochre sea star in the Pacific Ocean) are those that largely impact its environment when considering its abundance.
6. Foundation species (i.e. Tsuga canadensis in eastern North America) are those that have a great impact on the community structure of the environment they are in. They can be at any level of a food web. Usually, these are species whose presence and activity have such a huge effect on the rest of the community that if they were to disappear, it would affect the community's resilience.
8. a) Interspecific competition is the competition for the same resources, like food, space, water areas, etc. disputed by individuals of different species. For example, the lion and the hyena, in the African savannahs, are of different species but, however, they compete for the same food - chase the same animals.
b) Four consequences of such happening may be competitive exclusion (when one species wins what the competition is about leading to a decrease in the other species' population), niche differentiation (when the species end up looking for more specific factors that don't match each other's), local extinction (when one of the species ends up being extinct), and c<span>oexistence (when both species coexist with no restriction inflicted by each other).
9. C</span>amouflage, when a prey disguises itself in the surroundings, for example, the flat-tail horned lizard. Playing dead, when a prey pretends to be dead by tonic immobility, for example, the eastern hog-nosed snake. Communal defence, when preys group together to defend themselves, for example, the <span>muskoxen.
10. Parasitism is different from predation because a parasite does not kill its victim as it happens in predation, but it uses up the victim's resources. Examples of parasitism may be ectoparasitism and endoparasitism. Two other types of symbiosis may be m</span>utualism (hermit crab with sea anemone) and commensalism (phoretic mites<span> on a fly).
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The rest of the answers are on the comments below.
B.
Plants use light energy to produce food molecules during photosynthesis and obtain cellular energy from the bonds of these food molecules during cellular respiration.
The chlorophyll pigment in plants harnesses light energy to ‘manufacture’ glucose/carbohydrates which are later used by the plant for cellular respiration to power cell activities.
Explanation:
The energy from sunlight is used by the chlorophyll pigments to make ATPs through a process called photophosphorylation. In addition, the light energy is used to split water molecules into H⁺ and O²⁻. The H⁺ is then captured by NADP+ which is reduced to NADPH, while O²⁻ is evolved as oxygen. This occurs in the light stage of photosynthesis.
The NADPH is used to reduce carbon dioxide into glucose in the dark stage (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis. Remember since this is an anabolic process ATPs (the one created through photophosphorylation) are used to power this cycle.
Excess glucose can be converted to starch and stored. Otherwise, the energy captured in the chemical bonds of the glucose are again utilized to make ATPs in cellular respiration.
Learn More:
For more on photosynthesis check out;
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