A. Earth's magnetic field reverses over time; the changes show that seafloor spreading has taken place over time.
Explanation:
The pattern of the magnetic minerals in seafloor ridges are aligned in a repeating pattern because the earth's magnetic field reverses overtime.
This provides evidence because the changes shows that the sea floor spreading has taken place over time.
- The concept of sea floor spreading was first suggested by Harry Hess in the early 1960's.
- Using sophisticated tools, he was able to discover stripe patterns of magnetic minerals in rocks.
- The earth can be likened to a giant bar magnet
- The geomagnetic field originates from the core where the movement of molten metals induces magnetism.
- In a fresh cooling magma, the metallic minerals are able to align their domains with the prevailing magnetic field.
- At some point the magnetic field is normal with a very strong intensity. At other times the intensity is low and it reverses.
- The minerals keeps track of the changes.
- This leads to striped pattern that has been used to suggest sea floor spreading.
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Answer:
The process of cell division will slow down and the cell will die
Explanation:
Without the golgi apparatus or if its not working as well as it should be there would be no lysosomes or less. Without the lysosomes there will be a lot of junk/trash in the cell and it would have no way to break it down and get it out
Answer:
The preceding section reviewed the major metabolic reactions by which the cell obtains and stores energy in the form of ATP. This metabolic energy is then used to accomplish various tasks, including the synthesis of macromolecules and other cell constituents. Thus, energy derived from the breakdown of organic molecules (catabolism) is used to drive the synthesis of other required components of the cell. Most catabolic pathways involve the oxidation of organic molecules coupled to the generation of both energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADH). In contrast, biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways generally involve the use of both ATP and reducing power (usually in the form of NADPH) for the production of new organic compounds. One major biosynthetic pathway, the synthesis of carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O during the dark reactions of photosynthesis, was discussed in the preceding section. Additional pathways leading to the biosynthesis of major cellular constituents (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are reviewed in the sections that follow.
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Carbohydrates
In addition to being obtained directly from food or generated by photosynthesis, glucose can be synthesized from other organic molecules. In animal cells, glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) usually starts with lactate (produced by anaerobic glycolysis), amino acids (derived from the breakdown of proteins), or glycerol (produced by the breakdown of lipids). Plants (but not animals) are also able to synthesize glucose from fatty acids—a process that is particularly important during the germination of seeds, when energy stored as fats must be converted to carbohydrates to support growth of the plant. In both animal and plant cells, simple sugars are polymerized and stored as polysaccharides.
Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose—essentially the reverse of glycolysis. However, as discussed earlier, the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate is an energy-yielding pathway, generating two molecules each of ATP and NADH. Although some reactions of glycolysis are readily reversible, others will proceed only in the direction of glucose breakdown, because they are associated with a large decrease in free energy. These energetically favorable reactions of glycolysis are bypassed during gluconeogenesis by other reactions (catalyzed by different enzymes) that are coupled to the expenditure of ATP and NADH in order to drive them in the direction of glucose synthesis. Overall, the generation of glucose from two molecules of pyruvate requires four molecules of ATP, two of GTP, and two of NADH. This process is considerably more costly than the simple reversal of glycolysis (which would require two molecules of ATP and two of NADH), illustrating the additional energy required to drive the pathway in the direction of biosynthesis.
