Question

The statements below make persuasive appeals to the reader about the dangers of pollution. Some of the statements make appeals to logic (logos); some make appeals to emotion (pathos); and some make appeals to ethics or establish the authority of the speaker (ethos). Move each statement into the column that matches its type of appeal.

Answer 1

1

Unfortunately, pollution is like air: it’s everywhere! Pollution is the introduction of harmful substancesinto the environment that can cause damage and harm to humans, animals, and the environment. It takeson a number of different forms, from chemicals and garbage to something as seemingly innocent as lightor noise.

2

Pollution comes from a variety of sources. In addition, it alters, changes, and even destroys a variety of places. For example, exhaust from cars pollutes the air. When it rains, runoff from fertilizers andpesticides, which farmers use to help crops grow, can pollute the water in oceans, rivers, lakes, andstreams. Garbage dumped in landfills is not only an eyesore, but also a source of harmful gases that candamage the earth’s atmosphere. Light pollution, which comes in the form of bright streetlights or signs,disrupts the view of the night sky. Noise pollution caused by cars, trucks, and machines interrupts thenatural sounds of the world around us, such as birds singing or leaves rustling.

3

The types of pollution and their effects vary greatly. At the same time, however, they are related; eachtype of pollution affects the other types. An example of the connection between different types of pollution is acid rain. Acid rain is caused mostly by sulfur or nitrogen emissions given off by sources suchas car exhaust and the burning of fossil fuels such as coal. These harmful chemicals rise into theatmosphere where they react with other compounds and then fall as an acidic form of rain, sleet, or snow.Acid rain damages plants and buildings, contaminates soil and water, and has a negative effect onanimals, fish, and even humans.

4

Pollution has other effects, too. Breathing toxic air or drinking polluted water can cause humans andanimals to develop health problems that can be serious and sometimes deadly. The deaths of too manymembers of a certain species of animal can upset the local ecosystem, or the area in which they live. As aresult, weather patterns and climates can also change.

5

Though pollution is everywhere, there are ways to help prevent it. By walking or riding bikes—insteadof driving cars—people can help decrease air pollution. People can also buy and eat organic foods tosupport farmers that do not use fertilizers on their crops. It is also a good idea to take old things thatpeople intend to throw away and find new ways to use them. A great way to help the environment is torecycle. Save items like used paper, glass and plastic bottles, and metal cans. Then, take them to arecycling center where they can be turned into new products to be used again. Some cities and towns evenhave recycling programs in place so all you have to do is leave your recyclable items on the curb on acertain day each week. It doesn’t get much easier to help the environment and reduce pollution than that!

Pathos are : an eyesore, affects.

Logos are : organic, effects, contaminates.

Explanation:

Ethos is about establishing your authority to speak on the subject, logos is your logical argument for your point and pathos is your attempt to sway an audience emotionally.

Of the modes of persuasion furnished by the spoken word there are three kinds. The first kind depends on the personal character of the speaker [ethos]; the second on putting the audience into a certain frame of mind [pathos]; the third on the proof, or apparent proof, provided by the words of the speech itself [logos].