In most cases, a lung transplant is done only after all other treatments for lung failure are unsuccessful. Lung transplants may be recommended for people under age 65 who have severe lung diseases. The major risk of a lung transplant is organ rejection. This happens when your immune system attacks your donor lung as if it were a disease. Severe rejection could lead to failure of the donated lung. Other serious complications can arise from the drugs used to prevent rejection.
The gate control theory of pain states that the experience of pain is dependent on the complex interaction of the central and the peripheral nervous system. This theory was given by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall.
Usually, when a person experiences pain, the neurons transmits the message from the area of damage along the peripheral nervous system to the spinal cord and the brain. The gate control theory suggests that the neurons encounter the 'nerve gates' while transmitting the pain messages in the spinal cord. These opening and closing of these gates is dependent on the multiple factors.
The basket cells are the multipolar, inhibitory interneurons . Endorphins are the neuropeptide and the peptide hormones, which are secreted by the central nervous system and the pituitary gland. These structures have no relation with the transmission of the pain.
The hyperpolarization of the neurons by the opiate receptors resulting in the release of the substance P, which is a neurotransmitter involved with pain.
Hence, the correct answer is 'by releasing substance P'.
Nutrients cross the membrane wall with the help of protein channels.
