Question

Something new with the united states, is the concept that birth (and residence or naturalization) in a country imparts basic rights

Answer 1

I think the answer is: Citizenship
Every country willl always give some sort of rights and obligations that must be followed by the people. Those rights and obligations mostly only applied if we're a legal citizen of that country. In united states for example, a citizen status will automatically granted the moment we're born as long as our parents are legal citizens