Answer:
mostly hydrophobic
Explanation:
A membrane is made of amphipathic molecules with the hydrophobic part pointing to the lumen and cytosol and the hydrophobic part (much bigger makes up most of the membrane) in the middle, the protein chains that are embedded in the membrane are thus mostly hydrophobic because the membrane is mostly hydrophobic and like likes like
Answer:
The fish did not yet exist when the old layers of rocks were deposited. In fact, animals with hard parts did not evolve until about 600 million years ago, which is only about 13% of the 4.5 billion year age of the Earth. Multicellular animals without hard parts left tracks in older sediments, but had no fossilize-able body parts.
Explanation:
Answer:
The double membrane of the mitochondria is highly folded,and therefore wider when unfolded than that of the nucleus.This is an adaptive feature to increase the surface area for reactions (electrochemical gradient) by accommodating protons pumped into it by the proton motive force(PMF) from the matrix to set up the electrochemical gradients needed to generate the energy needed by ATPase synthase enzymes for ATPs synthesis.
Required number of protons needed to be accommodated by the double membrane to generate enough energy for ATPase synthesis,therefore larger surface area is needed.
Explanation:
Genetic engineering is applied to techniques like DNA cloning in which the steps are: step 1: DNA cutting from the parent source; step 2: DNA cut is pasted into the matrix to be modified; step 3: matrix is introduced to the host cell and step 4, vector DNA is isolated. Answer then is B.
Indeterminate cleavage results in identical cells capable of forming an embryo while determinate cells do not result in cells which are capable to develop embryo.
Indeterminate is superior to determinate cleavage.
Explanation:
Cleavage is the division of cells in the early embryonic stage. The two stages of cleavage described here are:
In indeterminate cleavage or regulative cleavage occurs when an embryo divides, each cell is capable of developing into complete embryo. eg: Deuterosomes
In determinate cleavage the resulting embryonic cells of blastomere cannot develop into embryos. It is also called as mosaic cleavage. The essential part of the cell might be missing which does not let the cell survive. eg: Protosomes
Indeterminate cleavage is of great importance as the cell grows and can produce new organism. The complete identical twin is formed. Its application can be seen in tomato plants.
3. All animals do not display intermediate cleavage because growth from intermediate cleavage is continuous and does not stop after adulthood which is not possible in animals.
