The side effects of quinolones cannot be avoided because quinolones work by increasing the concentration of this DNA complex-breaking enzyme so that it inhibits the process of DNA replication, bacteria, and eukaryotes, and even causes cell death.
<h2 /><h3>What are Quinolones?</h3>
Quinolones bind to non-covalent sites of the gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes at the site of active DNA ligation, interact with proteins and position themselves between cleaved DNA bands. Two quinolone molecules attach to each side of the split DNA band, preventing DNA ligation and replication from occurring. Quinolones at the same time also increase the concentration of gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes (topoisomerase toxins) and become physical barriers to DNA ligation (catalytic inhibition). This causes continuous DNA division without DNA replication and transcription which eventually leads to permanent chromosomal damage. This chromosomal damage initiates an emergency response and DNA repair pathway. If this DNA repair mechanism is not successful, cell death occurs.
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Answer:
D. they are all primarily acquired in childhood
The epigastric is not a body cavity. It is the area of the abdomen above the umbilical region.
It is true that the primary function of the humoral, or antibody-mediated, immune response is to control freely circulating pathogens.
What is humoral immunity?
Humoral immunity is the immunity to infection due to antibodies, which circulate in the blood and lymph, and which are produced by B cells.
Generally, immunity is the resistance of an organism to disease-causing agents or foreign substances.
However, the humoral immune system deals with antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating, or outside the infected cells.
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Answer:
I think it is C but not 100%
Explanation:
