Piaget presents himself as the pioneer of the <u>constructivist approach</u> to human cognition. His proposals constitute a constructivist theory of human cognitive development. With important works in the 20s, only in the 70s, Piaget was "rediscovered". Perhaps there begins the rise of cognitivism and the decline of behaviorism, in terms of influence on teaching / learning and research in this area. Such a Piagetian influence in order to confuse the term constructivism with Piaget.
Some key concepts of his theory, such as assimilation, accommodation and equilibrium. The "hard core" of Piaget's theory is in <u>assimilation, accommodation and balanc</u>e, not in the famous periods of mental development.
In his theory, there are four general periods of cognitive development, namely: the sensorimotor that goes from birth to around two years of age, in which the only common and constant reference is the child's body, resulting in an egocentricity practically total; From this stage, characteristic of the newborn, the child evolves cognitively, going through other stages, until, at the end of the sensorimotor period, he begins to decentralize his actions in relation to his own body and to consider him as an object among the children. too much. The next is the pre-operational, which ranges from two to six or seven years. Through language, symbols and mental images, a new stage of the child's mental development begins, in which thinking begins to organize itself, although not yet reversible. Between 7 and 8 years, in general, marks the beginning of the concrete operational period and extends to 11 or 12 years. There is a progressive decentralization in relation to the egocentric perspective that characterized the child until then. operational-formal; each subdivided into stages or levels.
Erik Erikson proposed a conception of human development in 8 psychosocial phases (or stages), in turn, envisaged, in eight ages from birth to death, the first four belonging to the baby and childhood period, and the last three to adult years and old age. Each stage is crossed by a psychosocial crisis, with a positive and a negative aspect.
Erik Erikson's theory gives special importance to the period of <u>adolescence, notably as it is a transition between childhood and adulthood</u>, where events relevant to the development of adult personality occur.
Through development theory Erikson sought to understand how the child interacts in the experience process, Piaget defends cognitive development from biological maturation. Erickson has a more complete and comprehensive theory if we compare it with Piaget's theory.
In general, the phases of mourning are to be experienced, as well as mourning, and there is also no way to make a person feel better about mourning, it is a process to be closely monitored. The important thing is to deal with the grief in a healthy way and understand the phases of it, as well as the loss of the person.
