Capitalism replacing mercantilism as dominant POLITICAL philosophy was not a characteristic of the Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution brought a lot of improvements to society. During this era, a lot of goods were produced in mass amounts because of the advancement in machinery. The Industrial Revolution also caused massive urbanization as building structures became a lot faster due to this revolution.
Copernicus was going up against everything and everyone, namely the Church. Copernicus would put forth the idea the heliocentric universe. This meant that the sun was at the center and not the earth. This could be taken to mean (and was by many) that God had not placed Man at the Center of the Universe. The idea that there was more that could occupy God than our existence and we were not the most important creature or thing was mind blowing.
Decibels measure intensity. If you whisper in an empty room it will measure between 0 and 1 db. This indicates the intensity of sound is minimal. This is considered the threshold of hearing.
A sound that measures 30 decibels is a 1000 times louder than the the threshold of hearing. An example of this is the noise of a regular computer produces between 20-40 dB.
I am confused about your question, because neither Truman or Eisenhower were around when Vietnam was happening...
If you clarify, I might be able to answer your question
D. the first battle of the Marne