No, the distance from the last stop..... or c
1.a.In agriculture cultural control is the practice of modifying the growing environment to reduce the prevalence of unwanted pests. Examples include changing soil pH or fertility levels, irrigation practices, amount of sunlight, temperature, or the use of beneficial animals or insects.
1.b. Cultural control is using the production or utilization methods of a commodity with a concern for insect management. Cultural control practices are usually multipurpose technical procedures that create environments that either avoid high-risk situations for infestations or develop unfavorable conditions for pests.
1.c.Simplicity and low cost are the primary advantages of cultural control tactics, and disadvantages are few as long as these tactics are compatible with a farmer's other management objectives (high yields, mechanization, etc.).
Explanation:
-Q. <em>How do membrane proteins aid in the movement of hydrophilic substances across the membrane?</em>
Transport proteins spanning the plasma membrane facilitate the movement of ions and other complex, polar molecules which are typically prevented from moving across the membrane from the extracellular or intracellular space.
Lipids are composed of fatty acids which form the hydrophobic tail and glycerol which forms the hydrophilic head; glycerol is a 3-Carbon alcohol which is water soluble, while the fatty acid tail is a long chain hydrocarbon (hydrogens attached to a carbon backbone) with up to 36 carbons.
Their polarity or arrangement can give these non-polar macromolecules hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Via diffusion, small water molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer acts as a semi-permeable membrane into the extracellular fluid or the cytoplasm which are both hydrophilic and contain large concentrations of polar water molecules or other water-soluble compounds. The hydrophilic heads of the bilayer are attracted to water while their water-repellent hydrophobic tails face towards each other- allowing molecules of water to diffuse across the membrane along the concentration gradient.
Similarly via osmosis, molecules of water pass through the membrane due to the difference in osmotic pressure on either side of the phospholipid by layer this means that the water moves from regions of high osmotic pressure/concentration to regions of low pressure/ concentration to a steady state.
Transmembrane proteins are embedded within the membrane from the extracellular fluid to the cytoplasm, and are sometimes attached to glycoproteins (proteins attached to carbohydrates) which function as cell surface markers. Transport proteins are transmembrane proteins involed in moving molecules across the membrane.
There are two types:
- Channels or pores are filled with water, enabling charged molecules to diffuse across the membrane, from regions of high concentration to regions of lower concentration down the concentration gradient -this is a passive part of facilitated diffusion. Channels may undergo minor changes to become open or closed whereas pores are always in open states <em>e.g. H2O movement into and out of the cell via aquaporins.</em>
- Carrier proteins bind specifically bind to molecules and move them across or against concentration gradients. Unlike facilitated diffusion, carrier proteins directly or indirectly use energy in the form of ATP and modify solute specific regions, that aid in regulating ion exchange, through the hydrophobic layer of the plasma membrane- this is called <em>active transport.</em> <em>e.g. Na+/K+transported by the enzyme ATPase </em>
<em>Learn more about membrane components at brainly.com/question/1971706</em>
<em>Learn more about plasma membrane transport at brainly.com/question/11410881</em>
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The correct statements are-
Erosion occurs even when the mountains are forming. Erosion is the movement of sediments from the broken rocks through the agents like gravity, wind, water and others. It is a constant process occurring even while the mountains are forming. It is affected by gravity.
When new mountains or plateaus form, the cycle starts over. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks by the weathering agents. These sediments move due to the process of erosion. A new sediment may be dropped nearby or in a new place by the process of deposition. Weathering, erosion and deposition occur together as a cycle and have almost leveled the land surface.
Weathering, erosion and deposition have almost leveled earth’s surface. These three processes occur as a cycle and have almost leveled the land surface.
Answer:
to an evolutionary biologist fitness simply means reproductive success and reflects how well an organism is adapted to its environment.We call them fit because of how successfull they reproduce not how well they do at athletic events
Explanation: