<u>A (they belong to the same group of the periodic table)</u>
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The answer is A because C doesn't have a causal relationship, D doesn't strongly effect most chemical properties, and chemical properties remain unchanged with state of matter.
Ill need to know what change you predicted, but natural selection can contribute to the change by allowing the organism with the mutation (advantage or disadvantage) to either parish or aid in its survival, resulting in that mutation to be passed on the other generations through breeding