<span>For photosynthesis to occur, the necessary parts are sunlight, water and carbon dioxide or CO2. The role of ATP in the reaction is that it is itself generated by the first stage of photosynthesis, and is therefore a product of the reaction. It provides energy for the next stage.</span>
This occurrence takes place because the moon revolves around the Earth in the same direction that the Earth rotates around its axis.
High tides are commonly unequal in height due to the axial angle of the Earth's rotation. For example, the location on the Earth has a fairly large, high tide. But then if this position rotates in let's say, 12 hours to the other side, the high tide is no longer as high.
- On the far side, the gravitational pull of the moon is weaker because it is farther away.
- On the far side, the force of inertia is greater than the gravitational pull, and thus, it bulges.
Answer:
The correct answers: A, B, C.
Explanation:
- Lipid bilayer is made of two layers of phospholipids, where each phospholipid molecule is made up of a glycerol which is attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains by ester bonds.
- The phosphate groups being hydrophilic are directed towards the outside of the bilayer. The fatty acid chains (saturated or unsaturated) being hydrophobic are directed towards the inside of the bilayer.
- These fatty acid chains are not static and are capable of moving laterally in the bilayer, giving the bilayer the characteristics of fluidity.
- The fluidity is mainly provided by the presence of unsaturated (with one or multiple double bonds) fatty acid. The presence of double bonds results in the fatty acid molecules to have a bent shape and this increases the area occupied by each such unsaturated fatty acid molecule. The free area available allows the lateral movement of the fatty acid molecules.
- According to option A, long chain fatty acids tend to occupy more space within the lipid bilayer. This reduces the free space available for the movement of the lipid molecules.
- According to option B, saturated fatty acids are those which lacks any double bonds and the carbon atoms are attached by single bonds. Therefore, these molecules are straight in shape and occupy maximum area in the lipid bilayer. This reduces the space available for the free movement of fatty acid molecules, thereby making the membrane less fluid in nature.
- According to option C, cholesterol is a type of lipid molecule. They remain interspersed in between lipid molecules. At high temperatures, they prevent the lipid molecules from getting excessively fluid by filling in the gaps in between the lipid molecules and at very low temperatures they prevent the stiffening of the lipid molecules by getting associated with each other. At room temperature, they stabilise the lipid molecules between whom they remain interspersed and also reduce the free space in between them thereby reducing the lateral movement. This way they reduce the fluidity.
