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I think its the temperature and precipitation
Meteorology is the study of Earth's atmosphere and its changing conditions. Under this study includes the different changing weather conditions, its temperature and moisture patterns. Typhoons, tornadoes, snow hail, etc are being studied here. Meteorology because more or less meteors and atmosphere patterns are quietly related.
In Syria and Jordan, most of the rainfall is on the West of the two countries, closest to the Mediterranean Sea. (so not in the East)
there is also a considerable amount of rain at the Golan Highlights, which are just West of the Jordan River, so in total the best answer is
d. on the highlands and the Mediterranean coast.