Answer: United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
Spanish attacks on the British forces in the south drew British troops away from battles with Patriots
<span><span>UNIT 18: Rethinking the Rise of the West</span><span>UNIT CONTENT OVERVIEWBetween the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, there was a decided shift in the global balance of power. Historians agree that Europeans burst onto the world scene at this time, yet these scholars are widely divided in their views about the reasons why Europeans became such a powerful global force.For many years, historians believed that the rise of the West was a natural, inevitable, and largely positive development that resulted from the diffusion of superior European technologies, ideologies, and institutions to the rest of the world. Now, however, scholars increasingly frame the story of the rise of the West in a non-Eurocentric world historical context.This unit traces the changes in the ways historians view the rise of the West, as well as the significance of those changes. In the past, historians have explained Europe's rise-as expressed in European global dominance in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries-by focusing on maritime achievements in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, industrialization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and imperialism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This interpretation has also generally viewed Europe's rise as a result of unique European cultural factors.More recent interpretations, however, have been critical of Western dominance and have attempted to place that dominance in a global historical context. In the 1970s, for example, world systems theory sought to view European dominance as a product of the expansionary nature of capitalism. In the last decade, scholars with opposing views about when, how, and why the West rose have hotly debated new interpretations. Even more recently, new comparative scholarship has sought to locate Europe's rise within a global trade network long dominated by China. Taken as a whole, this recent work within the field of world history has revised the interpretation and meaning of the rise of the West.GLOBAL HISTORICAL CONTEXTTime Period: 1450-1914At the beginning of this period, powerful societies existed around the world in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. People had established elaborate trading networks over both land and sea, connecting distant societies through commercial, biological, and cultural exchanges. One of the hallmarks of this period was the establishment of connections between Afro-Eurasia and the Americas via European voyages of discovery. These new links allowed the transfer of diseases, plants, animals, and humans across the seas, with devastating demographic consequences for the peoples of the Americas. In Europe, this was the period of the Scientific Revolution (sixteenth and seventeenth centuries), the Enlightenment (eighteenth century), and the Industrial Revolution (late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries). Although historians once argued that these technological and philosophical developments-in conjunction with the voyages of discovery-allowed Europeans to become dominant in the world, recent historiography (historians' interpretations of past historical writing) has challenged that view. Instead, current historians juxtapose the European perspective with other contemporary world economies. They point to China's vibrant economy-especially after the Manchu conquest in 1644- and China's critical role in trade in the Indian Ocean as a silver importer. Islamic empires (Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal) were also strong and powerful until the eighteenth century, and sub-Saharan states were expanding. In Japan, the Tokugawa Shogunate unified Japan in the early seventeenth century, which resulted in the creation of an increasingly commercial society. European dominance of the world economy, it seems, did not exist until about 1800, when it arose as a result of industrialization.AP Themes:<span>Examines interactions in economics and politics by focusing on systems of trade and international exchange as factors in the rise of the West.Explores change and continuity by noting the ways historians' interpretations have changed over time and in response to new evidence in the field of world history.Discusses technology, demography, and the environment by considering the ways that technological changes-from sea voyages to the Industrial Revolution-allowed for the eventual rise of the West.<span>Pays attention to cultural and intellectual developments: Changing historical opinions about the story of the rise of the West has led to a major intellectual reexamination about Western dominance in the past. I hope this helps!</span></span></span></span>
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In fact, they may need other organisms in order to survive. This is known as interdependence. For example, living things that cannot make their own food must eat other organisms for food. Other interactions between living things include symbiotic relationships and competition for resources
The Industrial Revolution promoted new technologies in production that replaced human labor. Together with this, the industrial mode of production is developing, more and more factories with large plants are growing. The need for workers is high, so migration of population from village to city is recorded, more and more labor is in search of a job that can bring a stable income. This creates a large number of workforce, even more than needed, so workers are willing to do anything, even for a lower hourly rate. Employers have the opportunity to reduce the hourly rate due to over-labor supply, and so they can pay less for women and children under unequal treatment between men and women, especially children. People are fundamentally blackmailed to work for a low hourly rate because there was always workforce available. The conclusion is that, in the conditions of industrial production, only employers could earn more on the basis of the use of excess worker value, while workers earned less on behalf of employers' profits.
