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Well you have to tell the child that genetics is the study of how traits(characters) are passed on from parent to offspring. Such traits include height, weight, facial features etc.
Chromosomes are the cells that carry those traits in the body. Human beings usually have 46 chromosomes but during reproduction, the chromosomes are halved to give 23 which is in its haploid state so that each parent gives 23 chromosomes each to get 46 chromosomes which is the standard number of chromosomes for humans and animals.
Haploid means a single set of these chromosomes donated by the parent during reproduction while the 46 chromosomes which is achieved after reproduction is referred to as Diploid which means 2 set of the chromosomes from both parents.
The production of urine to modify plasma makeup is the result of glomerular filtration, tubular absorption, and secretion. Glomerular filtration is the first step of making urine; a process where the kidney filter excess fluid and water products out of the blood in the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, to be eliminated in the body. Tubular reabsorption involves the removal of water and solutes from the tubular fluid which is returned to the circulating blood; while secretion involves the removal of wastes from the body into the bladder, then out through the urethra.
RNA splicing was first discovered in 1970s in viruses and subsequently in eukaryotes. Not long after, scientists discovered alternative patterns of pre-mRNA splicing that produced different mature mRNAs containing various combinations of exons from a single precursor mRNA. The first example of alternative splicing of a cellular gene in eukaryotes was identified in the IgM gene, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Alternative splicing (AS) therefore is a process by which exons or portions of exons or noncoding regions within a pre-mRNA transcript are differentially joined or skipped, resulting in multiple protein isoforms being encoded by a single gene. This mechanism increases the informational diversity and functional capacity of a gene during post-transcriptional processing and provides an opportunity for gene regulation
In order to understand the ramifications of a mutation in the Hox genes you must understand what the Hox gene does. To put in simple terms the Hox genes control the body plan so you can think of them as a blueprint. For instance, they are responsible for determining the type of vertebrae in a given segment within the human spinal chord. As well as where body parts are found in insects such as fruit flies. Therefore, a mutation in the Hox gene can lead to body parts and limbs in the incorrect place or order in the body.
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Mild traumatic brain injury may affect your brain cells temporarily. More-serious traumatic brain injury can result in bruising, torn tissues, bleeding and other physical damage to the brain. These injuries can result in long-term complications or death.
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