<span>You
are probably talking about Chinese immigrants in the United States, who began
immigrating into the country in 18th century. Thousands of Chinese workers
went to the California Gold Rush looking for work, while thousands more were
hired to build the First Transcontinental Railroad. Treatment of Chinese
immigrants are particularly harsh since they become targets for populist
politicians and white laborers. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed
which barred practically all Chinese from entering the United States for 10
years.</span>
Papers that argued for federal views; it conflicted with non-federal papers. federal papers argued for a strong central government, while anti-federal papers argued for strong state governments
Answer:Islam had already spread into northern Africa by the mid-seventh century A.D., only a few decades after the prophet Muhammad moved with his followers from Mecca to Medina on the neighboring Arabian Peninsula (622 A.D./1 A.H.). The Arab conquest of Spain and the push of Arab armies as far as the Indus River culminated in an empire that stretched over three continents, a mere hundred years after the Prophet’s death. Between the eighth and ninth centuries, Arab traders and travelers, then African clerics, began to spread the religion along the eastern coast of Africa and to the western and central Sudan (literally, “Land of Black people”), stimulating the development of urban communities. Given its negotiated, practical approach to different cultural situations, it is perhaps more appropriate to consider Islam in Africa in terms of its multiple histories rather then as a unified movement.
The first converts were the Sudanese merchants, followed by a few rulers and courtiers (Ghana in the eleventh century and Mali in the thirteenth century). The masses of rural peasants, however, remained little touched. In the eleventh century, the Almoravid intervention , led by a group of Berber nomads who were strict observers of Islamic law, gave the conversion process a new momentum in the Ghana empire and beyond. The spread of Islam throughout the African continent was neither simultaneous nor uniform, but followed a gradual and adaptive path. However, the only written documents at our disposal for the period under consideration derive from Arab sources (see, for instance, accounts by geographers al-Bakri and Ibn Battuta)
Explanation: Hope this helps you~!<\3
Answer: Rows of stars (4-5-4 or 3-2-3-2-3) were common, but many other variations also existed. The new Stars and Stripes formed part of the military colours carried on September 11, 1777, at the Battle of the Brandywine, perhaps its first such use. U.S. flag commonly attributed to Betsy Ross The U.S. flag commonly attributed to Betsy Ross. In the context of combinatorial mathematics, stars and bars is a graphical aid for deriving certain combinatorial theorems. It was popularized by William Feller in his classic book on probability. It can be used to solve many simple counting problems, such as how many ways there are to put n indistinguishable balls into k distinguishable bins.
Hope this helps :)
