Question

Explain how thermal energy is transferred from land and water to lower layers of Earth's atmosphere. How does this energy impact the lower layers of atmosphere? Use complete sentences in your response.

Answer 1

Explanation:

Land and water absorb most of the solar radiation from the sun. Some of this solar energy from land and water is then transferred to the lower atmosphere which is in contact with the continents and oceans. From Land, this occurs mostly as heat energy or infrared radiation. Water usually transfers this energy through the evaporation of water into the atmosphere (This is responsible for clouds in the troposphere).

The lower atmosphere therefore gets heated faster and warmer than the upper atmosphere. This causes it to become less dense. The air mass rises into upper atmosphere where it released this energy and cools down.  It gains density and sinks again and the cycle continues. The energy released into the upper atmosphere is distributed across the globe by wind currents like the Gulf Stream.

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