The correct answer is: D) Black codes and Jim Crow laws
These had a lot of influence on the current structure of American society.
Black Codes refer to the laws that restricted the African American's freedom. The first ones were enacted in Mississippi and South Carolina in 1865, other states enacted them later, until 1866. The main purpose of this laws was to ensure the African Americans' cheap labor force after slavery was abolished, therefore most of those laws forced them to sign yearly labor contracts, if they didn't they were arrested, fined, or forced to work without payment.
Jim Crow Laws refer to the laws that enforced racial segregation in the South of the U.S. They were applied between 1877 (the end of the Reconstruction) and the 1950's (when the Civil Rights Movement began). They were named after a minstral routine of 1828 performed by Thomas Dartmouth Rice.
As you can see, although these laws don't exist anymore, they stablished some of the bases of our modern society. Things have changed a lot but structural changes are hard to reach.
