Smartphone applications can offer real-time, customized interventions for quitting smoking. The current study evaluates the efficacy of a smartphone-based smoking cessation application that gave messages customized to current smoking lapse risk and specific lapse triggers and assessed risk for impending smoking lapse numerous times per day.
- A safety-net hospital's smoking cessation program recruited participants (N=59) who underwent five phone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) every day for three weeks in a row.
- A new weighted lapse risk estimator was used to evaluate the risk of smoking lapse in real-time.
- Participants in each EMA received messages that were customized to their level of risk for an impending smoking lapse as well as their self-reported presence of smoking urges, stress, access to cigarettes, and motivation to quit.
- Using generalized linear mixed model analysis, it was assessed if communications that were specifically targeted towards lapse risk variables resulted in bigger decreases in these triggers than messages that weren't.
<h3>What results can we observe?</h3>
- In general, communications that were specifically matched to smoking urge, cigarette availability, or stress resulted in higher decreases in those triggers than messages that were not (p's=0.02 to 0.001).
- When only instances of high stress were included in the analysis, the connection between messages adapted to stress and higher reductions in stress than messages not tailored to stress was non-significant (p=0.892).
<h3>What can be concluded?</h3>
- Mobile technology can be utilized to deliver personalized treatment information and do real-time smoking lapse risk assessments.
- Findings offer the first concrete proof that customized material may have an effect on users' stress levels, temptation to smoke, and access to cigarettes.
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Answer:
3. the expectancy that studying will lead to good grades
Explanation:
- According to the rotter's theory in order to explain why people do things id due to theory state of the person decides to take action.
- Its based on how they expect the results to follow and how valuable the outcomes are based upon the expectations.
- As rotter believed a person's personality is built over time and is based on your expectations of reactions and experiences.
Answer: A. True
Explanation:
The basic principle associated with the economics is that the goods, products, and services are limited and demand increases considerably to produce them. The resources used for the production also increases considerably. The scarcity principle of economics deals with the limited supply of the goods that is coupled with the increase in demand this results in the mismatch between the demand equilibrium and desired supply.
Answer:
Equity theory
Explanation:
Equity theory refers to the fair distribution of resources between people. Equity is measured by c<u>omparing the ratio of contributions and rewards for each person and seeing if the ratio is the same</u>
When we apply this theory to a working environment, this theory means that <u>we expect that people that make the same kind of contributions to the work place have the same rewards</u> (salary, for example) and if they contribute less to the workplace (for example by having less experience) we expect them to have a less salary or rewards. <u>When this doesn't happen we lose motivation in our workplace and diminish our satisfaction. </u>
In this example <u>Nicole learned that her coworker who has less education and experience (contributions) is paid more than here (rewards), therefore she is not happy about the situation</u>. Because s<u>he would expect her coworker to earn less since she's making less contributions, t</u>he theory of motivation that would describe Nicole's reaction would be the Equity Theory.
