Answer: It’s Currently Donald Trump
It was "China" with which Richard Nixon normalized diplomatic relations in 1972 as a way to end US involvement in Vietnam, since China was a main backer of the enemy during this conflict.
Answer:Bandits, rebels and criminals: African history and Western criminology. This article reviews the different themes mentioned in two recent books that deal with crime in Africa. The first, "Banditry, Rebellion and Social Protest in Africa", represents a collection of seventeen historical studies collected by Donald Crummey on crime, banditry, protest and rebellion in colonial Africa. The second, "Crime, Justice and Culture in Black Africa", constitutes a criminological study of crime and justice in contemporary African societies. The review begins with a brief summary of how crime was given political significance in the various 'news' criminalities that have developed in the West over the past twenty years. These themes appear in similar forms in African history: the question of discovering the political significance of 'ordinary' crime; the categorization of the 'social bandit' as originally suggested by Hobsbawm; the relationship between subjective motivation and genuine legitimation. All these themes are present in the collection of Crummey. Brillon's book presents an anthropological account of conventional crime in Africa. It is much less a political writing about the meaning of crime than an explanation of the socially constructed nature of official crime statistics. These themes appear in similar forms in African history: the question of discovering the political significance of 'ordinary' crime; the categorization of the 'social bandit' as originally suggested by Hobsbawm; the relationship between subjective motivation and genuine legitimation. All these themes are present in the collection of Crummey. Brillon's book presents an anthropological account of conventional crime in Africa. It is much less a political writing about the meaning of crime than an explanation of the socially constructed nature of official crime statistics. These themes appear in similar forms in African history: the question of discovering the political significance of 'ordinary' crime; the categorization of the 'social bandit' as originally suggested by Hobsbawm; the relationship between subjective motivation and genuine legitimation. All these themes are present in the collection of Crummey. Brillon's book presents an anthropological account of conventional crime in Africa. It is much less a political writing about the meaning of crime than an explanation of the socially constructed nature of official crime statistics. as originally suggested by Hobsbawm; the relationship between subjective motivation and genuine legitimation. All these themes are present in the collection of Crummey.
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In the last two decades of the 19th century, railroads had made sweeping changes in the lives of many of Texas' mostly rural, mostly agrarian citizens and forever altered the face of the state. Settlements formed around temporary railroad-workers' camps. Speculators created brand-new towns out of virgin prairie beside the gleaming rails. And existing communities that were bypassed by the tracks often curled up their municipal toes and died unless they were willing to pick up businesses, homes and churches and move to the rails.
The arrival of railroad transportation expanded Texas farmers' and ranchers' markets by providing faster and cheaper shipping of products. Cattle raisers were no longer forced to trail their herds long miles to railheads in the Midwest. In their classic Texas history text, Texas, the Lone Star State, Rupert Richardson, Ernest Wallace, and Adrian Anderson summarized it this way: " ... railroads were the key to progress and prosperity at the end of the 19th century."
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