Answer:
In the longer term, the rise of Turkish power in Anatolia eventually gave rise to the Ottoman Empire which rapidly conquered the former Byzantine heartland over the course of the 14th and 15th centuries, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople to the army of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror in 1453.
A. 41 percent
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Answer: D. Priest, Bishop, Archbishop, Cardinal, Pope
Explanation: Offered options are related to the hierarchy in the Roman Catholic Church. The mentioned hierarchy refers to the church authority, in this case from the lowest to the highest. Church authority is divided according to ranks, so the priest performs priestly duties of masses, church rituals, etc. within the parish in which he has jurisdiction. The bishop is in charge, besides church duties, to oversee the diocese, which is a collection of several parishes. The collection of more bishops is the archdiocese of which the archbishop is responsible. Cardinal is the rank, which is usually obtained by the Pope choosing a bishop or archbishop who is promoted to the cardinal. The Pope is the supreme undignified authority of the Roman Catholic Church
The initial idea of this name was from a monk named Filoféi, where he explains
The Roman Empire was "the first Rome"
Constantinople was "the second Rome"
Moscow is "the third Rome"
Its purpose was to highlight Russia as the last glimpse of Christian civilization, most of which had succumbed to heresy as ROME and CONSTANTINOPLE.