Meiosis occurs in a series of different phases and creates genetically unique reproductive cells. The process which helps make meiotic cells genetically different and occurs during prophase I, but not during prophase II, is crossing over (C). Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between two homogenous chromosomes. It is one of the final phases of prophase I. This process is called synapsis. It occurs when the matching regions on the matching chromosomes break and then reconnect to the other chromosome
Gregor Mendel was an important scientist, considered to be the founder of the science of genetics. His experiments on the crossbreeding of plants and the passing down of favourable traits, led him to establish the laws of Mendelian inheritance. He was using pea plants for his experiments and he was studying seven different pea traits: pea shape and color, pod shape and color, flower color, plant size and position of flowers.
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