Which supercontinent did the earths land masses first begin to resemble what they look like today

The advent of civilization depended on the ability of some agricultural settlements to consistently produce surplus food, which allowed some people to specialize in non-agricultural work, which in turn allowed for increased production, trade, population, and social stratification.

The first civilizations appeared in locations where the geography was favorable to intensive agriculture.

Governments and states emerged as rulers gained control over larger areas and more resources, often using writing and religion to maintain social hierarchies and consolidate power over larger areas and populations.

Writing allowed for the codification of laws, better methods of record-keeping, and the birth of literature, which fostered the spread of shared cultural practices among larger populations.

Degrees of complexity

Today, almost every city has a supermarket with a wide variety of available foods. We take for granted the fact that people have different types of jobs and that governments exist. But, reliable food sources, specialized work, and governments did not exist for most of human history! They are the products of historical processes that began with the first civilizations several thousand years ago.

A civilization is a complex society that creates agricultural surpluses, allowing for specialized labor, social hierarchy, and the establishment of cities. Developments such as writing, complex religious systems, monumental architecture, and centralized political power have been suggested as identifying markers of civilization, as well. When we see these changes occur, we should stop and ask, “Did people institute these practices because they were beneficial, or were they forced on them?” Historians debate this very question, trying to determine whether civilization was a bottom-up or top-down development.^1

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3 years ago

3. How did men like William Lloyd Garrison, Reverent Lovejoy, and Frederick Douglass participate in the abolitionist movement?

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William was a writer that posted a newspaper called "The Liberator". This was a abolitionist newspaper. He kept posting these until the end of slavery. The Lovejoy's also wrote things on slavery. Fredrick was the leader of the abolitionists he was a slave that had escaped from slavery and wrote a very important anti slavery writing. <span />

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2 years ago

What was the effect the New Deal had on women and minorities

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After the Great Depression, citizens of the United States found it hard to get back on their feet. When President Roosevelt came into office, he announced the New Deal. These were programs for the United States citizens to help recover from the aftermath of the Great Depression.

There were many new jobs open thanks to the programs brought by the New Deal, many of these open to African Americans. During the Great Depression, minorities were laid off from jobs much more than whites, so this was a very important step of getting minorities out of poverty.

Since there were a lot more jobs and schools brought by the New Deal, this also meant that more women were receiving education and well paying jobs. It was normally the men who would work, but during this time many women were starting to work and earn money as well.

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3 years ago