Answer:
Parents: Yellow (Aarr) and Grey (AaRr)
Explanation:
Given:
allele A = yellow
allele R = black,
Heteroozygous = gray
Genotypes of the parents:
yellow (Aarr) - female
gray (AaRr) - gray
cross between these
Parents: Yellow (Aarr) and Grey (AaRr)
Gametes: (Ar, ar) and (AR, Ar, aR, ar)
F1 (Punnet square)
----|----- AR ------|------- Ar ------|------ aR -----|----- ar
Ar | AARr (gray) | AArr (yellow) | AaRr (gray) | Aarr (yellow)
ar | AaRr (gray) | Aarr (yellow) | aaRr (black) | aarr (cream)
Ratio: 3/8 yellow : 3/8 gray : 1/8 cream : 1/8 black
Explanation:
Cancer cells do not contain the capacity to undergo
- a regular cell cycle where they only undergo cell division in response to external signals within their environment, i.e. regulation.
- differentiation into specialized cell types, with different physical traits; together they can't form different tissues.
Multiple mutations in several protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are required to form cancer.
Cancer-causing genes, or oncogenes, develop from protooncogenes which regulate normal cell division. They may undergo mutations that alter gene expression, disrupt cell regulation and lead to the transformation of normal cells into tumor cells- their resulting proteins are abnormal or not formed. Tumor suppressor genes, which can halt unregulated cell growth and division, may also become mutated.
Each individual inherits 2 copies of a gene from their parents- a single mutation in one of these does not directly lead to cancer. Multiple activated oncogenes, in turn produce damaged, non functional proteins and together contribute to forming cancers.
Further Explanation:
During the process of cell division, spontaneous changes within the genome can arise. These mutations are errors occur when copies of the DNA within the cell are made; mutations may range from small changes called single nucleotide polymorphisms, to large scale deletions, and additions which span multiple genes. There are two types:
- somatic: these only occur within certain cells, and arise from environmental factors such as UV light
- hereditary: occur within germ cells of the parent and later the fertilized egg which forms a zygote; these are present within all cells of the new organism.
Sequences of DNA make up genes which can have different forms called alleles. DNA, which makes up the genotype, is transcribed into mRNA and later translated into amino acids which are linked together by rRNA to form proteins which make up the phenotype of an organism. Mutations in DNA sequences affect the corresponding mRNA and thus the protein encoded.
Learn more about mutations at brainly.com/question/4602376
Learn more about DNA and RNA at brainly.com/question/2416343?source=aid8411316
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Answer:
Animals and plants need nitrogen to build amino acids in proteins, which are the building blocks of life. Unlike oxygen, nitrogen cannot be absorbed directly from the air by animals and plants.
Explanation:
Answer:co dominance
Explanation:
it is phenomenon in which both genes express them selves and both phenotypes are expressed in individual
Chromosomes<span> first become </span>visible during<span> prophase in mitosis, and they are fully</span> visible during<span> metaphase and anaphase. They lose their visibility </span>during<span> telophase and are not </span>visible during<span> cytokinesis, which follows mitosis.</span>
