Complete the statements. f(4) is . f(x) = 4 when x is
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I'm partial to solving with generating functions. Let
Multiply both sides of the recurrence by and sum over all
.
Shift the indices and factor out powers of as needed so that each series starts at the same index and power of
.
Now we can write each series in terms of the generating function . Pull out the first few terms so that each series starts at the same index
.
Solve for :
Splitting into partial fractions gives
which we can write as geometric series,
which tells us
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Just to illustrate another method you could consider, you can write the second recurrence in matrix form as
By substitution, you can show that
or
Then solving the recurrence is a matter of diagonalizing the coefficient matrix, raising to the power of , then multiplying by the column vector containing the initial values. The solution itself would be the entry in the first row of the resulting matrix.