Answer:
I think the answer is option 3
Vestigial structures are often homologous to structures that are functioning normally in other species. Therefore, vestigial structures can be considered the evidence for evolution, the process by which beneficial heritable traits arise in populations over an extended period of time.
The correct answer is stabilising selection. This is selection that favours an average trait value. It is thought that this sort of selection is very common as traits among most animals do not appear to change drastically over time. Stabilising selection selects against the extreme traits, and leads to a decrease in genetic diversity by favouring the average phenotypes.
Answer:
Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil and within root nodules of some plants convert nitrogen gas on the atmosphere to ammonia.
Nitrifying- bacteria convert ammonia to nitrites.
