Answer:
Invasions by Barbarian tribes.
Economic troubles and overreliance on slave labor.
The rise of the Eastern Empire.
Overexpansion and military overspending.
Government corruption and political instability.
The arrival of the Huns and the migration of the Barbarian tribes. .
1) D. 2,500
2) A. Fez and Taghaza, Taghaza and Timbuktu
Hope this helps.
They did not want to be punished for breaking laws that they did not know existed.