4. b/c it is capable of dissolving a variety of substances
5. excess water that literally runoffs on land or other terrains. (You may look up the scientific definition.)
6. Simply, evaporation is the process of which water turns into a gas or liquid due to heat acting on the substance.
7. Condensation has two definitions. I believe the context you're looking for is the process by which gas or water vapor turns into liquid.
8. Transpiration is like, i guess i could call it a process; the precess of the movement of water through a plant and its evaporation through the leaves of the plants, well more specifically, its aerial parts.
9. water is taken up from the roots then released as water vapor through the leaves.
10. They are all significant parts. If there were no precipitation, there wouldn't be the process of evaporation or condensation. Condensation allows liquid to precipitate and rain (precipitation) allows for evaporation. If one of the three elements described is missing, their possibly wouldn't be a water cycle and therefore no life on earth.
