Hitler contrived the Ardennes counteroffensive, more commonly known as the Battle of the Bulge<span>, after the collapse of his </span>army<span> in France during the summer of 1944. ... This time, Hitler's </span>goal<span> would be to disturb communication lines and transportation centers of the Allied forces in Liege and Antwerp.</span>
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Monastic communities were centrally important to the revival of learning during Charlemagne's reign.
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