1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
patriot [66]
3 years ago
13

Following antigenic stimulation, phosphorylation of _________ relieves inhibition of the transcription factor

Biology
1 answer:
Maru [420]3 years ago
6 0

Answer: zap70, ITAM.

Explanation:

An antigen is any substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response by activating lymphocytes, which are the body’s infection-fighting white blood cells. Examples of antigens could be proteins that are part of bacteria or viruses or components of serum and red blood cells from other individuals, all of them are foreign antigens originated outside the body. However, there can also be autoantigens (which are self-antigens), originated within the body. In normal conditions, the body is able to distinguish self from nonself. <u>And the antigens that represent a danger induces an immune response by stimulating the lymphocytes to produce antibody or to attack the antigen directly</u>. This is called an antigenic stimulation of the immune system.

ZAP-70 (Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70) is a protein that is part of the T cell receptor, thereby it plays a critical role in T-cell signaling. When the TCR (receptor of T cells) is activated by the presentation of the specific antigen through the MHC, a protein called Lck acts to phosphorylate the intracellular CD3 chains and the ζ chains of the TCR complex, allowing the binding of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, ZAP-70. Lck then phosphorylates and activates ZAP-70, which in turn phosphorylates another molecule in the signaling cascade called LAT (short for Linker of Activated T cells), a transmembrane protein that serves as an anchor site for several other proteins. The tyrosine phosphorylation cascade initiated by the Lck culminates in the intracellular mobilization of calcium ion (Ca2+) <u>and the activation of important signaling cascades within the lymphocytes.</u> These include the Ras-MEK-ERK pathway, which is based on activating certain transcription factors such as NFAT, NFκB and AP-1. These transcription factors regulate the production of of certain gene products, most notably cytokines such as interleukin-2 that promote the long-term proliferation and differentiation of activated lymphocytes.

The ITAM motifs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) are sequences of four amino acids present in the intracellular tails of certain proteins that serve as receptors within the immune system. Thus, <u>some receptors such as the TCR have ITAM sequences that, when activated, trigger an intracellular reaction based on consecutive phosphorylations</u>.  Kinases are recruited for this purpose.

So, ZAP-70 is a protein tyrosine kinase with a role in T-cell receptor signal transduction. During T-cell activation, ZAP-70 binds to ITAM and becomes tyrosine phosphorylated. The binding of ZAP-70 to the phosphorylated ITAM is able to activate its kinase activity, <u>and relieves the inhibition of the transcription factor which regulates genes that are involved in the immune reaction</u>.

You might be interested in
 HELP. HELP.
ohaa [14]

Answer:

true? im not sure though

:)

6 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
54:58
jarptica [38.1K]

Answer:

CORRECT ANSWER IS FALSE.

Explanation:

I JUST DID THE QUIZ

E2021

4 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What type of mountains are found in the following locations: the Teton range of Wyoming, the alps in Europe, the Sierra Nevada o
Firlakuza [10]
So there are four types of mountains and these are fault block mountains, fold and thrust mountains, unwarped or dome mountains and volcanic mountains. 
Based on the given locations above, the Sierra Nevada mountains of California are fault block mountains. The Alps of Europe is an example of a fold and thrust mountain. The Black Hills of South Dakota and Teton range of Wyoming are unwarped or dome mountains. Hope this answer helps.
7 0
3 years ago
Does Newton’s 3rd law apply to monkeys?
Marina CMI [18]

Answer:

yes!

One monkey bams another, guess what? you get energy transferring to the other monkey, WUUUUHHHHH!

4 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
How did brown test his hypothesis
Aliun [14]

Answer:did it yuehehfiuhufhiufwhufhuihuihfjkjfhufbvfiurvbuib

Explanation:fghufuhfushfshuihsufdh

7 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • What are the three interactions that can occur when amino acids are close to each other?
    5·1 answer
  • 1. One way that fossils form by the dead organism's soft tissue is ________ by sediments such as sand.
    7·2 answers
  • If predators A and B prey upon the same species and predator A is eliminated, the population of predator B will likely _________
    12·2 answers
  • The karyotype for trisomy 21 illustrates an example of a genetic mutation caused by A) insertion. B) inversion. C) crossing over
    7·2 answers
  • The following is a multi-step reaction. the rate-limiting step is unimolecular, with a as the sole reactant.
    15·1 answer
  • What is produced when muscles contract?
    10·1 answer
  • Which of the following is true regarding Darwin's theory of evolution?
    12·1 answer
  • Will give brainliest<br> What is this?
    8·2 answers
  • Forensic scientist Bennet asks his technician for the scalar quantity of fingerprints found at his crime scene. What would be th
    7·1 answer
  • healthy soil is able to provide all the nutrients that support plant growth and to do so year after year what biotic or a abioti
    9·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!